The CSBN stretches across the country. - C. Harris & O. Love

As you can see from the above map, the CSBN stretches across the country and, in doing so, has the potential to generate a lot of data that can be co-ordinated to provide interesting and useful insights into the biology of this amazing bird.

But this map, completed just a month or so ago, is already dated. Missing are: the dynamic duo of Alexandre Anctil and Ludo Jolicoeur in Rimouski (who came up with the first interesting recapture of the season – see blog for January 28th); Darryl Edwards from Sudbury (who is trying to manage a PhD., buntings and a burgeoning family (hmmmm….so is Ludo…the burgeoning family bit); and Mike Blom in the Peace River area of Alberta. This is what Mike does when he’s not banding SNBUs: http://raptorbanding.blogspot.com/ Wow!

Here in the Ruthven area it’s still mild temperatures and snow-free fields. Just before the snow disappeared we were out with a few traps but managed to catch just a single Mourning Dove:

Anne Klaus with a MODO - just before the melt.

Rick

A beautiful early morning filled with great expectations.

Traps set, snow on the ground.....where are the birds?

The beginning of the day.

The Mirabel site. From left to right: Simon Duval, Gay Gruner (both banders) and 2 volunteers.

Buntings at the traps. - R. Beauchamp

SY-M (above) and ASY-M (below)

Tail of a SY bird (top) and ASY (bottom)

Bonjour de Barnston-Ouest,

Same story in southern Quebec, where winter is a sad, wet shadow of its usual self. As soon as we have more than 5 cm of snow the bunting show up in force…had 175 a couple of weekends ago. Subsequently, we lost most of the little snow we had and numbers dropped off dramatically, increasing again yesterday with a few more centimetres of snow. This morning it was pouring rain…time will tell if it will be worthwhile for the banders to show up this weekend. For those interested in the site, I include a web-cam address. On good days the driveway and the barn roof are covered with snow buntings.
http://www.wunderground.com/webcams/siutimmiutaliq/1/show.html

Cheers and happy bunting hunting.

Carl Bromwich

The season started very slow in our back field, in Lanark, Ontario, with 4 or 5 Snow Buntings coming to feed. The numbers increased gradually and we’re up to about 60-70 birds now. Nowhere close to the numbers we had in the last couple of years, which was around 150.

Lise Balthazar

Lanark, Ontario

Male Snow Bunting captured by Fergus Nicoll who bands west of Ottawa.

Sage Advice from David Lamble, the pre-eminent bunting bander in the country, for those starting out and getting “antsy” because those d&$#%d birds just won’t go in the traps:

Hello All:

My ground traps are still effective — but there are some conditions.

First: I am off any major roadway — so the traffic is minimal.

Second: We have cloudy days, which are quite necessary for trapping the birds — the bright sunny days give me about 10% of the trapping of cloudy days.

Third: My area is very open with a fair bit of wind ( we are supposedly the windiest place in Ontario) — so the windy conditions seem to make the birds hungrier.

Fourth: I make a strong effort to capture the Shrikes and Hawks that follow the birds and move them several miles away (after banding, of course). So far I have captured 3 Shrikes and no hawks in January and not had any repeats — the more heavily hunted the Snow Buntings, the more nervous they are — just as the increased traffic at other sites seems to make them less likely to come to the bait.

So even on poor days, I will get 10 to 15 birds in my 3 traps every 30 to 40 minutes. Good days give me 25 to 50 birds every hour. When the weather was terrible, last winter, I might get 100 birds per hour.

Potter traps were used exclusively in Greenland, when the government was making an attempt to band as many Snow Buntings as possible. The array of Potter traps consisted of 20 or so on a long table. I had the impression that the trappers/banders had several tables, but I am not certain. Even so, the number of Snow Buntings trapped was quite small compared to the numbers our group captures each winter.

I have tried several Potter traps with limited success. I have never tried mist nets (beacuse it is too windy here, most days), but have heard of others using mist nets and a lure tape with some success.

Take care……………. David

Thanks to all that have sent in information and pictures.

Rick

Recapture #2411-94171 - Hilde Johansen

As you’re well aware (and I’ve tried to make clear), there are few Snow Buntings around due to this abnormally mild Winter, itself a consequence of a record extreme positive cycle in the Arctic Oscillation. For further up-to-date commentary on what is happening with the weather, check out Jeff Masters’ latest blog entry (for January 27th):

 http://javanese.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/show.html

But where are the Snow Buntings that we “should” be seeing? As in many other passerine species, males, which arrive on the breeding ground earlier than females in order to establish breeding territories, will often winter as far north as they can to facilitate this early arrival – and beat their rivals to it. If this is the case, then “our” birds should be somewhere between us and Greenland – as we showed through recaptures from the Spring:  probably along the St.Lawrence or in Labrador.

So check out this very interesting recapture of a Snow Bunting banded by David Lamble in Fergus on January 8th, 2011:

Band Number: 2411-94171
Species: SNOW BUNTING
Date banded: 01/08/2011
Banding Location: 10 KM E OF ARTHUR, ONTARIO, CANADA
Age: HATCHED IN 2009 OR EARLIER
Sex: MALE

This bird was recaptured by Alexandre Anctil today(!) just outside of  Rimouski. A quick look at an atlas will show you that Rimouski is about halfway between Lake Ontario and Labrador along the south shore of the St. Lawrence Rive.

Also interesting, is that theory suggests that males, again to facilitate their earlier arrival on the breeding ground, will spend the Winter further north and thus closer to the breeding area. Last year David Lamble, who bands ~60 km north of us, got mostly males, while we captured mostly females. Alexandre (and his side-kick, Ludo Jolicoeur) so far have banded 40 and recaptured one; all but one of these have been males.

The site is right on the shores of the St. Lawrence. - A. Anctil

So, congratulations to Alexandre and Ludo. Just goes to show you the value of networking….

Rick

To try to answer this, I’ve had to take a crash course in major weather systems. We’ve all become acquainted with El Nino and its effects on Summer weather conditions but few of us have even heard of the Arctic Oscillation [AO] (or the North Atlantic Oscillation [NAO] which is a part of it), a system that impacts our Winter conditions.

 A quick Google search of “arctic oscillation” brings a wealth of information. Just below is a good, quick and easy explanation from EarthLabs of AO with diagrams.

(EarthLabs is a collaborative effort by individuals at the Center for Science Teaching and Learning at TERC in Cambridge, Massachusetts and the Science Education Resource Center (SERC) at Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota.)

How the Arctic Oscillation Works

Let’s start with the basics. Air moves from one place to another around the world because of air pressure. In some places, the air is thicker, or more dense, than it is in other places. When this happens, we say the air pressure is higher. Air moves from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure, creating wind.

The Arctic Oscillation is the movement of air back and forth between the North Pole area and areas farther south (for example the middle of the U.S.). Sometimes the air pressure is higher in the south than it is in the north. When this happens, warmer air pushes north and keeps the really cold Arctic air in the Arctic. This is called the “positive phase” of the Arctic Oscillation. During a positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation, wind and water currents draw warmer, saltier water farther into the Arctic than usual. Other times, the air pressure is higher in the Arctic than it is further south, so the cold air moves south. This is called the “negative phase.” During the negative phase, strong surface winds maintain a powerful clockwise gyre (circular current) around the north pole, which helps to keep colder, fresher water more evenly distributed at high latitudes. The Arctic Oscillation is a little more complex than this basic description, but this is basically how it works. The AO typically seesaws between its positive and negative phase over three-to-seven-year periods.

 This Winter we’re in the midst of a very strong – in fact, a record ”extreme” – positive cycle resulting in the very mild and snow-free conditions we’ve been experiencing. Interestingly, this has followed two Winters of record extreme negative values, which brought us cold weather and lots of snow. This is highlighted below by an excerpt from Dr. Jeff Masters’ wonderful weather blog: Weather Underground.

[www.wunderground.com/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=2021]

Wild swings in the December Arctic Oscillation
This winter’s remarkable AO/NAO pattern stands in stark contrast to what occurred the previous two winters, when we had the most extreme December jet stream patterns on record in the opposite direction (a strongly negative AO/NAO). The negative AO conditions suppressed westerly winds over the North Atlantic, allowing Arctic air to spill southwards into eastern North America and Western Europe, bringing unusually cold and snowy conditions. The December Arctic Oscillation index has fluctuated wildly over the past six years, with the two most extreme positive and two most extreme negative values on record. Unfortunately, we don’t understand why the AO varies so much from winter to winter, nor why the AO has taken on such extreme configurations during four of the past six winters. Climate models are generally too crude to make skillful predictions on how human-caused climate change may be affecting the AO, or what might happen to the AO in the future. There is research linking an increase in solar activity and sunspots with the positive phase of the AO. Solar activity has increased sharply this winter compared to the past two winters, so perhaps we have seen a strong solar influence on the winter AO the past three winters. Arctic sea ice loss has been linked to the negative (cold) phase of the AO, like we observed the previous two winters. Those winters both had near-record low amounts of sunspot activity, so sea ice loss and low sunspot activity may have combined to bring a negative AO.

It will be interesting to see what the rest of the Winter brings. But one thing is for sure: without any snow, we will not be getting Snow Buntings.

Rick